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Friday, May 31, 2019

Against Legalization Of Marijuana :: marijuana should not be legal essay

One debate that keeps coming up time and again is the topic of thelegalization of marijuana. Marijuana is the more or less widely used outlawed drug.Nearly one in three teenagers have at least tried marijuana by the time theygraduate high school. It is also gets the most publicity for its legalization.Over thirty pro-legalization organizations have been displayed on the Internetalone. The legalization of marijuana , although popular by todays drug culture,would be a very chancy and detrimental act for the United States to takepart in. Not only would it destroy families, but would also lead to the fall ofour economy.     Pro-legalization organization argue the incident that legalization wouldresult in the decline of evil rates in our cities and towns, but in actualityalmost eighty-two percent of all violent offensive activity that involves drugs dont involvemarijuana. The fact remains that crime would still inhabit the streets ifmarijuana was to be legalized . The organizations base there theory on thesuccess that the Netherlands has had with reduction of crime due to the wide-spread legalization of marijuana. The differences between New Amsterdam and theUnited States is great due to a different structured economy and differentcultures. This differences would uphold to be the reason for their success andthe United States failure.     Legalization would also be very dangerous to the economy. The UnitedStates economy is a rather shaky one. The origin of such a huge industrywould be exuberant to crash our country into a depression. The market formarijuana would be very extensive. Between the market of marijuana andprofit from taxes would generate would be too much for the United States toendure in. The fact that marijuana would be legal would add another occasion forthe people just another thing for them to spend their money on. We already haveenough people on welfare and under the poverty line, this would render even more.     Families would also feel the effects of a society that allows its peopleto live their life "high." Marijuana makes a person depressed and sometimesanti-social. This causes the decrease in communication through-out a house hold.Communication is what keep a family close and involved in each others life.The effects of marijuana and other drugs destroys families enough now, but if itwere to become legal then that number would raise and so would the number ofbroken homes. We are at a time when our family structure has already beendestroy and where we should be working to rebuild that important aspect of life.Legalizing marijuana would not be the way to do that.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Capital Punishment in the Work of George Orwell, H.L. Mencken, and Norm

Capital Punishment in the Work of George Orwell, H.L. Mencken, and Norman MailerCapital punishment in the essays by George Orwell, H.L. Mencken, and Norman Mailer was a demand evil to deter crime. These authors incorporated the use of alcohol or drugs as mind-altering chemicals to relieve the pressures of the characters involved in death due to capital punishment. Chemicals much(prenominal) as drugs and alcohol can be used for the pleasure of relieving stress, a inwardness to forget, or a way to subdue personal beliefs as the authors suck in illustrated. The pleasure of relieving stress in George Orwells essay A Hanging was detailed by his thoughts written as one of the executioners. This character drank alcohol to relieve the detestable memories of escorting the prisoner to the gall(a)ows. The character would have rather saved the man from hanging when the author wrote It is curious, but till that moment I had never realized what it means to destroy a healthy, conscious man (pg 89). Orwell describes in detail how the condemned man was not dying, he was alive just as we are alive all the organs of his body were working, bowels digesting food, skin renewing itself, nails growing, tissues forming, all toiling away in solemn foolery. (pg 89). The author continues to illustrate the characters mental anguish when he says he and we were a party of men walking together, seeing, hearing, feeling, understanding the same world, and in two minutes with a sudden snap, one o...

The Meaning of Life According to Victor E. Frankl Essay -- Philosophy

The Meaning of Life According to Victor E. FranklThe signification of life, defined by Victor E. Frankl, is the will to find your meaning in life. It is not the meaning of life in general, but rather the specific meaning of a individuals life at a given moment. He believes that if you atomic number 18 approached with the question of what is the meaning of my life or in this case, life is meaningless, then you should setback the question to that somebody asking the question. For example What are you bringing to me? What are you as an individual contributing to this life? This forces the person in question to retreat a tonus at themselves and to ultimately be responsible. Frankl says that if you are a responsible member of society than the meaning of life transcends from yourself rather from your own psyche. He also says that if we for some reason cannot find meaning within ourselves it has to be from some outside source. This is referred to as service. And an example of this is love. Victor Frankl describes three ways in which we can disc all over the meaning of life Creating work-doing a deed, experiencing something-someone, and by the attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering. There are several reasons why a person could be feeling that their life is meaningless or has no meaning. According to Victor Frankl these reasons could be experiential frustration, empiric vacuum, and the meaning of suffering. Frankl breaks down the meaning of existential frustration as so, it can be referred to as existence itself the specifically mode of being, the meaning of existence, and striving to find concrete meaning in personalized existence, which is the will to meaning. Existence itself, in simpler terms is just existing and the human mode itself. The meaning of existence is the question in which we often ask ourselves wherefore are we here? When we strive to find concrete meaning in personal existence, we are looking for the personal meaning for existence. Bas ically what Frankl is saying is that when we are dealing wit the existential frustration we are looking for given meaning that isnt there. (There is no meaning). On the other hand there is the existential vacuum, which is when you cannot find meaning in your life. Frankl says that the existential vacuum manifests itself mainly in the state of boredom. Its when you feel that you have no structure in your life, no one telli... ... both sides if an issue, because there are usually two sides to every story. But by looking at Frankl and examining what he has to say about the meaning of life, suffering, love, frustration, boredom, tension, etc, I have rally gained a lot of knowledge that almost is common sense. If you sit and take the time to read the material through exhaustively you can call in exactly where he is coming from. Hell take a difficult situation, such as suffering, and turn it completely around. As furthest as suffering goes I try to do the same thing, in a way. When Ma rk Felice died last October it crushed me. But I tried to look at the positive side and say well, his suffering is over and he was here to teach us how to live to be stronger and better people. Through our suffering, over the loss of his life, we ended his suffering. This is kind of what Frankl does, he turns things around and makes you view things from a different perspective. I like his way of thinking because its not ever so something that I would think of off the top of my head. Overall, I enjoyed the book although it was difficult at times to read, but I think I gained knowledge from it and see different ways to look at things now.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Misidentification of The Day We Were Dogs Essay -- Day We Were Dog

The Misidentification of The Day We Were Dogs The Day We Were Dogs, published in 1993 by Elena Garro, illustrates the common error of misidentification of magic naturalism. The fact that Garro is a Mexican author and that fantasy is so closely related to magical Realism often causes the reader to associate this particular run short with magical Realism. However, this work also contains fantastic elements as well as sublime characteristics, which make it difficult to classify as a strictly sorcerous Realist work. As The Day We Were Dogs can be interpreted in so many assorted ways, the explanation of the details of the story become much much difficult. Are the two girls, Eva and Leli, pretending to be dogs or did they actually become dogs for a day? Each reader may have a different view of this important question, and this view may alter how he or she classifies this work. The short story does contain several magical elements and even fulfills several of the characteristics o f Magical Realism as described by Faris. Should one assume the girls are actually in the canine form, one should notice that the girls are understood by the people around, even though Toni is not. The servants understand when the girls tell them to prepare lunch for three dogs. The men at the murder scene, as well, understand the dogs when they question what the dogs saw. This interspecies communication holds a magical aspect due to its nonoccurance in reality (Faris 167). The communication that exists between the dogs and Toni, another dog, one could understand. Toni communicates by some speech, but more often than not by his actions. He bares his teeth during lunch so he might take the meat and, therefore, prove himself to be the head of the pecking ord... ...the story goes against its classification of Magical Realism in that hesitation occurs by both the reader and the characters. Where does one classify such a work? That answer truly depends upon ones own description and opi nion. Works Cited Faris, Wendy B. Scheherazades Children Magical Realism and Postmodern Fiction. Magical Realism Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C. Duke UP, 1995 163-190. Garro, Elena. The Day We Were Dogs. Latin American Writers Thirty Short Stories. Ed. Gabriella Ibieta. New York, N.Y. St. Martins Press, 1993 206-212. Simpkins, Scott. Sources of Magical Realism/ Supplements to Realism in Contemporary Latin American Literature.Magical Realism Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C. Duke UP, 1995 145-159.

Charlie as the Victim of Circumstance in F. Scott Fitzgeralds Babylon

Charlie as the Victim of Circumstance in F. Scott Fitzgeralds Babylon RevisitedThe storys protagonist, Charlie Wales, is less a victim of bad luck than of circumstance, both(prenominal) socio-economic and personal. Charlie does not deserve Marions continued denial of custody of his daughter, but the story is less about what Charlie does or does not deserve than how easily ones life move spin out of control due to unforeseen circumstance. Marion and Charlie dislike each other on a visceral level. Marions feelings are not solely caused by Charlies alcoholism and past behavior. She focuses upon Charlie a hatred borne of her resentment of her familys financial situation, as evidenced by Lincolns comment to Charlie over lunch I think Marion snarl there was some kind of injustice to it-you not even working toward the end, and getting richer and richer. (p. 15) Her hatred is also fueled by her physical illness and her waste belief that Helens marriage to Charlie was not happy. When Char lie locked Helen out during a snowstorm and Helen later became ill from exposure, Marion felt ...

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Cyberethics - Ethics in the Age of the Internet :: Internet Online Communication Essays

Cyberethics - Ethics in the Age of the InternetIn every society we live, we have to follow the rule of that place. The Internet is growing, growing in the number of users and growing in public perception. The Internet is the new American frontier due to the new technologies is radically transforming almost every aspect of how we happen and with whom, as well as just about any dimension of our lives. Most Internet users are convinced of its general utility and positive benefits. only behind it, the Internet, as well as its technological offsprings the World Wide Web has been compared to the Wild West, because no ace owns the network and there is no law and regulations. In consequence of the growth of the Internet, there have been increasing calls for its regulation from many sides.NEW MEDIA The new medium of the Internet has begun to score shadow versions of our grey-haireder media (Crowley 303). William J. Mitchell likens computers as media to a frontier society (Crowley 303). New media technologies beckon more enticingly than ever. More than merely offering an improvement on active forms of communication, new media technologies are creating what telecommunications scholar Frederick Williams calls a virtually new medium of public communication (Pavlik, 79). The Internet is a form of new media. Exploiting the Internets distribution channels will be an important challenge to publishing and other media industries in the next few years. The initial problem is that no one owns the network. The Internet continues to expand both in terms of audience and the range of its information services. Among other benefits, it offers American media companies an important channel for searching both old and new audiences. Until recently, Canadas broadcast and telecommunications watchdog is gearing up to tackle a potentially explosive issue -- whether it should try to regulate the Internet. The CRTC (Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission) said regulatio n could be used to promote Canadian culture or protect Canadians -- particularly youngsters -- from obscenities such as pornography and hate propaganda on the Internet (Brehl). However later, the CRTC announced that it will not regulate new media services on the Internet. After conducting an in-depth review under the Broadcasting Act and the Telecommunications Act beginning last July, the CRTC has cogitate that the new media on the Internet are achieving the goals of the Broadcasting Act and are vibrant, highly competitive and successful without regulation.

Cyberethics - Ethics in the Age of the Internet :: Internet Online Communication Essays

Cyberethics - Ethics in the Age of the InternetIn every society we live, we have to find out the rule of that place. The Internet is growing, growing in the number of users and growing in public perception. The Internet is the new American frontier due to the new technologies is radically transforming almost every aspect of how we communicate and with whom, as well as just about any dimension of our lives. Most Internet users are convinced of its general utility and positive benefits. However behind it, the Internet, as well as its technological offsprings the World Wide Web has been compared to the whacky West, because no one owns the network and there is no law and regulations. In consequence of the growth of the Internet, there have been increasing calls for its regulation from many sides. tonic MEDIA The new medium of the Internet has begun to create shadow versions of our older media (Crowley 303). William J. Mitchell likens computers as media to a frontier society (Crowley 3 03). New media technologies beckon more enticingly than ever. More than simply offering an improvement on existing forms of communication, new media technologies are creating what telecommunications scholar Frederick Williams calls a virtually new medium of public communication (Pavlik, 79). The Internet is a form of new media. Exploiting the Internets distribution channels will be an heavy challenge to publishing and other media industries in the next some years. The initial problem is that no one owns the network. The Internet continues to expand both in terms of audience and the range of its information services. Among other benefits, it offers American media companies an important channel for searching both old and new audiences. Until recently, Canadas broadcast and telecommunications watchdog is gearing up to tackle a potentially explosive issue -- whether it should campaign to regulate the Internet. The CRTC (Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission) sa id regulation could be used to promote Canadian culture or protect Canadians -- particularly youngsters -- from obscenities such as pornography and abhor propaganda on the Internet (Brehl). However later, the CRTC announced that it will not regulate new media services on the Internet. After conducting an in-depth review under the Broadcasting propel and the Telecommunications Act beginning last July, the CRTC has concluded that the new media on the Internet are achieving the goals of the Broadcasting Act and are vibrant, highly competitive and successful without regulation.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Responsibility in “The Great Gatsby” Essay

The character qualities of individuals has become a popular theme in literature. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds maintain, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald recognizes the battle between wealth and responsibility. In the book the narrator, Nick, describes how deuce of the main characters, Tom and Daisy, use their wealth to hide from what the poor must face everyday. Tom and Daisy lived on the banks of the East Egg, where they enjoyed the finer things in life. And no matter what happened they always seemed to care lone(prenominal) of themselves. In the telling of Tom and Daisys actions, Nick similarly seems to fee-tail that, in general, people and society use their wealth to hide behind. Tom, Daisy, and people in society dodge responsibility and earth with the aid of their great wealth.In a quote said by Nick he states, They were a casual people, Tom and Daisythey smashed up things and creatures and consequently retreated back into their property or their vast carelessness, or whatever i t was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. This quote can be related to a toon given to us as a thought provoking reference. The cartoon is of a man and woman sitting in an all folderol house and the inscription reads, Of course, living in an all-glass house has its disadvantages but you should see the birds smack it. In a twisted way these two quotes say al around the same thing. Nick talks of Tom and Daisy who retreat to their house and cash when all hell breaks loose around them and in the cartoon you can see the two people sitting comfortably watching the world around them crash and burn.Also, in the book Tom admits that he didnt realize his actions could be so harmful, and like the birds being hurt, the builder probably never intended to increase the number of shoe-box coffins. The cartoon refers to having disadvantages and like the book, wealth came with a certain amount of public notice. It is a little hard to lead a squiffy life and show it without the involvement of the public and like the glass house, with clear walls it is a little hard to find privacy. Tom and Daisy are very careless and if they dont someday face their responsibility a little more than a bird will come crashing through their life.Tom and Daisy are the perfect exercises of the poor little rich kid syndromes. two of them use up grown up with wealth and that is all they know. Nicks statement about them being careless and then going back into their money is absolutely true. Tom and Daisy have grown to see their wealth as a security blanket and now they cant give it up. The biggest example of this in the book occurs right after Daisy kills Myrtle. Daisy has no idea what to do about what she did so she tries to ignore it. each she knows is wealth, so she retreats to safety and hopes everything will go away.Daisy has completely neglected her responsibility. She and Tom both act like little irresponsible little children that have no focus i n life only to continue to pamper themselves. Tom hides behind his wealth when George comes looking for the yellow car. He only cares about himself and he knows what George is going to do, yet he send him to Gatsby anyway. Tom treats George very badly from the beginning and when he doesnt stop to be helpful now he loses all hopes of ever joining humanity and taking on a little responsibility.Nick primarily takes and jab at society when he makes his statement of the wealthy hiding. In the writing of this book Fitzgerald probably took what he saw around him and turned it into a book. Through Nick he implies that people and society in general are careless and will do anything to stay on top. That people only care about themselves and when it comes to dealing with the rest of society they would rather be dead. The wealth seem to live in a world of their own, a world of luxury and corruption and high egos. In the book this world seemed to exsist in Jay Gatsbys backyard.All of the wealth y would gather in his yard to have their parties, a place of security surrounded by their own kind, a place where they could forget reality and enjoy a good time. Jay Gatsby seemed to have seen this corruption among the wealthy because he stood apart from this crowd and only watched, probably more out of curiosity and trance than from a lack of need to party. Through the eyes of Nick we can surly see the corruption of not only Tom and Daisy but that also of society in general.In todays time we are all taught to take responsibility for ourselves. How ever in the lost generation most people have fallen through the cracks andwere left to teach themselves their own morals. In The Great Gatsby such a society exists, Tom and Daisy especially have been set out on their own and nobody ever removed their security blanket and thus they have become attached to it. Whenever anything is wrong they wealthy use there wealth and hide from responsibility and reality. As did O.J. Simpson in the kill ing of his wife. If we could all just learn to stand up for ourselves and face the facts then perhaps this could be a better place.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Examine different ways in which ‘good’ is used in Meta Ethics Essay

In the modern degrading gild we live in to daytime, muckle ar constantly questioning the highly debatable topic of morals. We would like to think that we are trying our hardest to strive to do what is serious in society to make us decent stack. However it is hard to do what is swell when there are so many different ways of formation the means of sound itself.There are three main types of piety, Descriptive, Prescriptive and Meta ethics. Descriptive ethics presents the f influences in the way people live and how they make moral choices in life. It simply tell aparts the facts without making any moral judgement of proper or bad. Prescriptive ethics states the norm about what is right or wrong(p) by examining the choices and the fountains behind the issues. It says how we should live or be fuddle setting standards for every(prenominal) unrivaled to live by. This is the most widely engrossd form of estimable language when debating morality. Meta ethics is a philosophic al analysis of different words used in ethical language. It closely examines the words themselves and their exact nitty-gritty in different contexts.The subject of Meta ethics is to intimately study the moral language to be able to reach a better taste of its centre. Without the knowledge and intense understanding of the language we use in moral debates, we canfulnot argue our points successfully or be able to come to any logical remainder. Therefore it is vitally necessary that we de terminal figureine the meaning of the words we use so we can successfully take part in these ethical discussions.The most important ethical term, which unfortunately is so loosely used in society, is the term good. We frequently hear of a concert being good or that somebody is a good person or it is good to be peaceful. But when we so casually use the term good do we actually know what we are implying? What does the term good mean in itself? Surely we should all be able to instantly provide an an swer to this question because we all use the term good on a regular basis. However we find that when posed with this question, many are not sure themselves of the core meaning of the word.In this essay I shall be examining the intensity of the ethical term good and what people mean when they determine something to be good of bad. We need to decide in fact, if it is actually potential to ascertain the word good at all or does it depend totally on the stain, having a slightly different meaning in every different context.The meaning of the term good is not necessarily something that we all naturally agree on. There are many factors that affect the reasons why we see the meaning of good to be what it is. Some examples of this include the sources of our values and morals, how we are brought up and the way our conscience plays a part in our every day lives. Naturally everyone may see different situations to be different degrees of good or bad in their opinion.A key concept leading to t he understanding of something being good is Definism. This idea is that we need to define accurately what we mean by the term good before we can specifically distinguish if something is good or bad. Once we subscribe classified the meaning of good we can thence accordingly judge every situation or act against it. When we have identified the essence of the term in itself we can grasp the ideas and understandings behind it. However many ask, can the term good universally be delimitate? We shall now look at the different ways society tries to identify the word good.There are two main ways of defining a moral act, these being absolute and relative terms. Absolute moral terms are when something is perceived as forever and a day being good or right regardless of the situation or the facts involved. This is overly kn take in as an objective term, it is completely independent of all conditions to determine its moral goodness. every last(predicate) absolute moral terms are known univer sally as always being correct regardless. For example, many argue that Peace will always be good along with happiness. These terms should apply to everyone in society in every situation because they will always be right and strive to reach them can never be wrong.Relative terms are the direct opposite of absolute terms. When something is relative, it totally depends on the specific situation it is in. It is also dependent on peoples personal opinions. Everyone views situations in their own way, which is slightly different to everyone else. It all relies on what you believe it to be in your own individual opinion. The term good therefore can only be determined in its particular context. This is also known as Subjectiveness, for example mercy cleaning or fighting for a cause you believe in are two examples of relative situations of doing a good thing.There are several theories we can look at in which the term good is used in Meta ethics. The first of these is the utilitarian theory of good. According to this theory, a term is determined as being good pending the results of a specific moral act. For example, if we were in the situation where we had to kill one person to save the lives of thousands of former(a)s then this would be seen as good. This is because although the sacrifice of one life is not good in itself alone, because it saves the lives of many more it is seen as the greater good because it is the lesser of two evils. The results of killing one person to save many are much greater than the act of killing one in the first place. The evil of killing one is cancelled out by the good of saving so many others. Therefore the utilitarian theory of good can be measured by what it achieves.Another important theory is that of Natural law. The term good is used in this part of Meta ethics according to how well something fulfils its purpose. The key philosopher that brought this idea into ethical recognition was Aristotle in ancient Greece many years ago. He b elieved that everything existing has a natural purpose in life in which it is aiming towards as its supreme goal. This means that the level of goodness something is, is measured by how much a particular act contributes to the net purpose the object has. If it helps to fulfil this purpose then it is a morally good act, however if it makes it harder to fulfil its purpose then it is considered bad.This idea of Natural law lead on to the development of Christian theology, especially by the greatly admired philosopher St Thomas Aquinas who linked Aristotles ideas with Christianity. In religion, the term good is related to what God would or wouldnt approve of. If God saw a certain act as acceptable or if it fulfilled a command from him from a religious consecrated Book then it would be seen as good. For example devoting time to worship him would be seen as good but committing adultery would be seen as bad in Gods eyes. The ultimate good example in Christianity is Jesus whose life was s een to be morally good because everything he did was approved of by God. He was perfect and therefore Christians today try to follow in his footsteps and do as he did.Goodness is unlike any other quality and the ultimate aim for all living things according to many people. Something can therefore be determined as good because it is unique, individual and supreme. We can detect this by the simple skill of human intuition because the goodness is self-evident. This approach is known as Intuitionism or Ethical non-naturalism. Because it is a unique feature, it is very dependent on different situations or circumstances. The term good will therefore have an individual meaning for different acts that will only apply to that one situation and could have a totally different meaning in another circumstance. We can also determine good because intuition tells us the results it has are beneficial to others or ourselves. However, even though the consequences may benefit and be good, it is impossi ble to define the word from an intuitional point of view because it is always changing depending on the factors involved.G E Moore is the most famous example of an Intuitionist. He claimed the term good was incapable of definition because it is simple and has no parts. He believed too that the term had a different meaning that changed depending the circumstances or different situations the word is used. He likened this to a horse, they have many properties and qualities that make a horse a horse but if you reduce a horse to its simplest terms, you can not define these terms.The phrase good will have a certain meaning not only for different situations but also for different people. Many people can observe an act but they may disagree as to whether the act was good or not depending on their conscience and opinion. Intuitionism means it has a distinct meaning for you. G E Moore gave the example of the colour yellow, we cannot define a colour, we may be able to give examples of things t hat are yellow but to give an actual definition of yellow is quite impossible. He believed that we should judge the goodness of an run based on its results, aiming to maximise good in the world. He was a strong intuitionist, which involved the belief that within us we have a moral faculty which reveals moral truth to us, showing us what was morally good.Another focal area of Meta ethics, which involves language, is Emotivism or ethical non-Cognitivism. Emotivism is sometimes viewed as merely the expression of feelings of the speaker. They can be seen more as commands or rules the speakers wants its audience to follow. These feelings are the opinions of the speaker saying what they believe to be right or wrong and are dependent on a matter of taste. The term good is accordingly defined depending on what the speaker believes to be right. They state a moral preference of what they do or do not approve of and not the core meaning itself.The preferences of the speaker therefore, try to influence the opinions of the audience. They are not concerned with the moral avouchments themselves or their meaning but more focused on the purpose of the statement. The speaker indents on promoting a response from the audience relating to what is right or wrong.This theory is also known as the Boo and Hooray theory which can be seen as offensive because it is seen to reduce morality to simple cheers or shuttlecocks. It is called this because when listening to a point of view, the audience simply shouts hooray to say something is good or that they approve of it or boo if they disagree and think it is morally bad. However one problem with this theory is that in a modern society, we do not irrationally act merely on our feelings and emotions alone. We use logical thinking and reasoning too and this therefore must be included.Prescriptivism solved this problem by using reason to determine goodness. R M Hare who tried to examine what was actually happening when a person was making a moral statement took the best example of this approach. He tried to find out what was it meant to do and if moral statements had a purpose. This type of Meta ethics tries to prescribe a course of perform that is recommended. . For example, the speaker may say To be considered a good person, we should try our hardest to help those less fortunate than ourselves. By saying this he is expressing what a good person is and also is suggesting a course of action we should take, i.e. helping others.As a result of this way of talking, the speaker is very opinionated and thus forcing an action as a result of his beliefs. The speaker is giving advice that applies to all situations at any given time regardless of other factors. It is Universable and therefore applies to all people in every situation. The theory of Universability is a general idea that can be applied to past, present and future and to all other people.In conclusion we can see that there are many different ways in which the te rm good is used in Meta ethics. In Intuitionism it is used to get a line moral principles that are self evidently right. In Emotivism, when we say something is good, it is what we see as being right according to out emotions and feelings. Prescriptivism on the other hand uses reason and logic to determine what is good. Utilitarianists perceive something to be good pending the results that follow the action. How we determine what is good or bad to ourselves, greatly depends on which ethical view we take to situations as a result of our opinion. There is no one definition for what is good and so it is down to us to decide which one we believe to be right and then try to live our lives accordingly.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Korematsu v. United States

IntroductionToyosaburo Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), is considered to be the most important of the Nipponese-American cases because it upheld the forced elision of loyal citizens. The case was decided by a 6 to 3 majority vote by the arbitrators to sustain Korematsus opinion for expulsion order violation. legal expert Hugo dark authored the majority opinion. The dissenter in the decision among others was justice Frank murphy. If situations arise in which legal reasoning overrides the value of a narrative, it may be time for the decision makers to re bounceulate the law. The Justices in Korematsu, in make their decision had the authority to use the law as they did, but they also had the authority to go the other direction and strike down the wrongful actions of the government. The next opinions of the Court fully explain the facts of the case. majority Opinion Justice BlackJustice Black, considered at the time to be the civil libertarian of the Court, de livered the majority opinion in Korematsu v. United States, up building the conviction of Fred Korematsu. He began by stating that all legal restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial convocation argon immediately suspect (Korematsu 216). He then restricted this statement by asserting that non all much(prenominal) restrictions are unconstitutional, but that they should be subject to the most rigid scrutiny (216).Black then situated the legal groundwork for the case by reciting the Congressional Act, which Korematsu is accused of knowingly and admittedly violating. Korematsu is convicted of violating the Congressional Act sanction via Executive Order No. 9066, requiring each possible protective covering against espionage and undermine through national defense, and then applied via force Exclusion Order 34, requiring the projection of all those of Nipponese channel from designated forces zones (216).Justice Black then revealed the case context by expla ining the precedent on which Korematsu would rely. In the series of military orders, the first violation was the curfew order. The coercive Court upheld this conviction in the preceding case of Kiyoshi Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 (1944). Black explained that the both the Hirabayashi conviction and the Korematsu conviction are upheld by the same Act of Congress, aimed at protection against sabotage and espionage.The Act was challenge as unconstitutional by the petitioner in Hirabayashi because it was beyond the contend powers of the government, and that the curfew order was aimed at only citizens of Japanese ancestry, and and then discriminatory (217). Justice Black contended that these arguments were seriously considered, but that the curfew order was upheld as necessary government pr until nowtion of sabotage and espionage threatened by Japanese attack (217).Acknowledging that exclusion is a far greater deprivation than the curfew, Black remained supportive of the military authorities because the Court was unable to prove that exclusion of those of Japanese ancestry was beyond the war power at the time that it occurred (218). He outcryed the exclusion has a definite and close congenatorship with the prevention of sabotage and espionage (218). The petitioner disputed the assumptions on which the Hirabayashi opinion rested and contended that by May, when the exclusion was ordered, there was no longer danger of invasion (218).Black flatly excreteed these contentions, reciting Hirabayashi, we can non reject as godforsaken the judgment of the military authorities and of Congress that there were disloyal members of that population, whose number and strength could non be precisely and quickly ascertainedmost of whom we expect no doubt were loyal to this country (218-219). To the petitioners agitate of group discrimination, Black answered that the Court sustained exclusion of the whole group because it could not reject the militarys contenti on that immediate separation of the loyal from disloyal was impossible (219).The next portion of the majority opinion speaks to the petitioners and dissenters arguments against the government by giving an account and explanation of the pertinent dates that were in question as ill-fitting of the militarys assertions and the decision of the court. One of the counter arguments to the mass opinion was that on May 30, 1942, when Korematsu was charged with remaining in the prohibited area, there were conflicting orders forbidding him both not to leave and to remain in the area (220). Justice Black refuted this argument by stating that the March 27, 1942 order tell that it was in effect until further direction from a subsequent order. The exclusion order was that subsequent order, which was given on May 3, 1942 and was to be enacted by May 9.Citing more important information concerning the dates, Justice Black explicitly conceded that before the exclusion was to take place on May 9, an instruction to report to an assembly center upon evacuation was issued, to insure the orderly evacuation and resettlement of Japanese voluntarily migrating from military area No. 1 to restrict and regulate such migration (221). On May 19, 1942, before Korematsu was arrested, the military issued an order that provided for detention of those of Japanese ancestry in assembly or relocation centers, and so it was argued that the exclusion order could not be considered separately from the detention order (221). Justice Black refuted the notion that the Court must pass on the whole detention program when only the exclusion charge is before them (221).The majority asserted that since Korematsu was not convicted of failing to report to or remain in an assembly center, that they could not determine the validity of the separate order (222). Speaking on the issue, Black stated that, It will be time enough to decide the serious constitutional issues which the petitioner seeks to raise when a n assembly or relocation order is applied or is certain to be applied to him and we have its terms before us (222).Justice Blacks opinion spoke to the argument of racism in condition of the fact that there had been no evidence of Korematsus disloyalty. Black denied that the order was based on racial prejudice. He implied a more complex situation, receivable to wartime, by stating that the Courts task would be simple and its duty clear were this a case involving the imprisonment of a loyal citizen in a concentration camp because of racial prejudice. Black added that, regardless of the true nature of the assembly and relocation centerswe are dealing specifically with nothing but an exclusion order. (223).Finally, the majority opinion ended with the issue of military deference. Due to the militarys fear of invasion, they the military decided that the situation demanded segregation of the citizens of Japanese ancestry, and Congress impelled that they should have the power to do this (223). Ironically Black stated that, Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire (223). Black ended by asserting that from the calm aspect of hindsight, the Court cannot say that at that time these actions were unjustified (223).Dissenting Opinion Justice MurphyJustice Murphys opinion can be referred to as the most scathing criticism of the three dissents, with his argument based on the charge of racism. First, Justice Murphy mentioned that the plea of military need for the exclusion came in the absence of soldierly law, and so should have been approved (233). He asserted that such exclusion goes beyond constitutional power into the ugly abyss of racism (233).Justice Murphy acknowledged the need to consider the reasoning of Military authority during war, and stated that their judgments should not be overruled lightly by those who may not have access to all of the military intelligence (233). He believed, however that there should be limits where martial law has not been declared (233). He claimed that individuals could not be stripped of their rights by military necessity that has neither substance nor support (233). Murphy explicitly reserved the right of the judicial branch to judge the validity of military discretion.Murphy cited the traditional judicial test of military discretion in depriving rights in mixed Court precedents Whether the deprivation is reasonably related to a public danger that is so immediate, imminent, and impending as not to admit of delay and not to admit the intervention of ordinary constitutional processes to alleviate the danger (234). He then pointed to the verbiage of the exclusion order having used the phrase all person of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien, and declared it insufficient to meet the immediate danger criteria, calling it obvious racial discrimination (234).The order deprived those within its b ackground knowledge of their Fifth Amendment rights of equal protection (235). The order also deprived them of due process, because it excluded them without hearings and deprived them of being able to live and work where they choose and move near freely (235). Justice Murphy found no correlation between the exclusion and immediate danger, citing it as a racial restriction that brought about more sweeping and complete deprivations of constitutional rights in the history of this nation in the absence of martial law (235).Justice Murphy conceded that there was a fear of invasion, sabotage and espionage at the time on the Pacific Coast, and that reasonable military action would have been appropriate however, the exclusion, either temporarily or permanently, of all persons with Japanese kind in their veins has no such reasonable relation (235). The military reasons, he states, relied on the assumptions that all those of Japanese ancestry have a dangerous magnetic dip to commit sabotag e and espionage and to aid our Japanese enemy in other ways (235).Justice Murphys opinion specifies the incongruent relationship of military necessity and immediate danger by reviewing the text of General DeWitts final report. He found that the report erroneously assumes racial guilt rather than military necessity. Murphy used as an example the words of DeWitt, who refers to all individuals of Japanese descent as subversive, as belonging to an enemy race whose racial strains are undiluted, and as constituting over 112,000 potential enemiesat large today along the Pacific Coast (236).In the report, Murphy found no reliable evidence of disloyalty, apply either general or menacing conduct of the Japanese aliens and citizens (236). Murphy claimed that justification is sought, instead, mainly upon questionable racial and sociological grounds not normally within the realm of expert military judgment (236-237). He proceeded to cover and dispute the evidence provided by General DeWitt.Just ice Murphys opinion go on with more unverified information used in the Generals report to the Government. He methodically included footnotes behind each of DeWitts assertions, which cited studies that refuted immersion claims, clarified reasons for dual citizenship and other claims, and also pointed out statements made that were based on pure speculation. Justice Murphy thereby disproved a reasonable relation between the group characteristics of Japanese-Americans and the dangers of invasion, sabotage and espionage (239).Acknowledging the long- stand up racial discrimination of the group, Justice Murphy chastised the military for having based its decision on racial and sociological judgments when every charge relative to race, religion, culture, geographical location, and legal and economic status has been substantially discredited by independent studies made by experts in these matters (240).Justice Murphy then enjoin his opinion to a discussion of individual guilt, which is rec ognized by the United States, as opposed to group guilt. He stated that there are somewhat disloyal individuals who are among those of Japanese ancestry, just as there are among those of German and Italian ancestry, but to cite examples of individual disloyalty as indicative of group disloyalty is discriminatory (240). This process, he continued, denies our legal system that is based on deprivation of rights for individual guilt (240).There were no adequate reasons given by the military not to treat Japanese-Americans like German-Americans and Italian-Americans, and hold investigations and hearings on an individual basis in order to separate the loyal from the disloyal (241). Murphy cited the inconsistency between the claim that time was of the essence, and the time period it took for the enactment of orders. The exclusion order was issued four months after Pearl Harbor, the last order was issued eight months later, and the last of these subversive persons was not actually remove d until almost eleven months had elapsed (241). Deliberation was more of the essence than speed (241).Murphy emphasized the suspect representation of urgency when conditions were not such as to warrant a declaration of martial law (241). Murphy held that within this time period and in these circumstances it would have been possible to hold loyalty hearings for at least the 70,000 American citizens especially when a large part of this number represented children and elderly men and women (242). As evidence to this, Murphy cited the fact that during a six-month period the British set up hearing boards and summoned and examined 74,000 Germans and Austrians (Korematsu Footnote 16).Finally, Justice Murphy ends his opinion in a declaration of dissentI dissent, therefore, from this legalization of racism. Racial discrimination in any form and in any degree has no justifiable part whatever in our democratic way of life. It is unattractive in any setting but it is utterly revolting among a f ree people who have embraced the principles set forrader in the Constitution of the United States. (242)Discussion and SummaryThe decision set one of the gravest precedents in history for the United States. Since then, efforts at redress have been made in the form of minimal monetary compensation, congressional acts allowing Asian immigrants to become naturalized citizens, and Presidential apologies. Fred Korematsu received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in January of 1998 for his courage in standing up to an unjust deprivation of liberty. The Korematsu case is a constant reminder to Americans that civil liberties for all citizens must be especially protected under ill conditions, even in the face of public opposition and wrongful government action.Korematsu vs. United States is one of the best examples of the Supreme Court deferring to military and government authority, even under conditions that the Court itself realizes are suspicious. The Majority Court purposely avoided ru ling on the whole process of exclusion, evacuation, and internment set by the military and sanctioned by the government before Fred Korematsus arrest. The narrow parameters in which they ruled were highly questionable because Fred Korematsu along with the rest of the ethnic Japanese were mandated to abide by the whole process intended by the military and the government to be a program.The Justice Blacks opinion make it clear that Majority do not intend to question the reasoning of the government and military, but only to suppose that they have one and therefore that the order is valid. The Majority leans on the context of war to legitimize their decision. The Justice Murphys opinion targets distinct and relative issues. He comments on the racial nature of the decision eon focusing separately on the indivisibility of the exclusion order from the program, the lack of evidence to back the militarys report, and the danger of constitutionally endorsing the Majority decision.The Koremats u Court, acting as final judge of the entire episode, allowed those with power to decide the prevailing value in its ruling. Their decision was not consistent with their duty. Justice Black, in the majority opinion, makes two strong references that reveal the Courts intent not to question the values of those in power. In the first reference, they reject Korematsus arguments and rest on precedent by quoting Hirabayashi we cannot reject as unfounded the judgement of the military authorities and of Congress that their were disloyal members of the population (Korematsu 218). The Court never answers why they cannot reject the militarys assertions, which were weak and lacking in any concrete evidence.In the second statement, Justice Black says on the Courts behalf that, we cannot-by availing ourselves of the calm prospect of hindsight-now say that at that time these actions were unjustified (Korematsu 224). Again, no plausible explanation was provided. The nature of trials is such that many times they are conducted in the calm perspective of hindsight and their duty and purpose is to determine whether or not there is justification for the actions of those involved. Justice Murphy dutifully reviewed the military findings, and in doing so foundNo reliable evidence is cited to show that such individuals were generally disloyal, or had generally so conducted themselves in this area as to constitute a special venture to defense installations or war industries, or had otherwise by their behavior furnished reasonable ground for their exclusion as a group. (Korematsu 236)Public opinion and governmental pressure were the initiators of the government actions, however, government and military officials were the ones who made the decisions to act on those pressures. Worse yet, in the face of this influence and power, the 1944 Supreme Court displayed the same oppose value of racism as the populace by shamefully failing in their duty to remain impartial and pass judgment ba sed on the constitutionality of the individuals conviction. From the perspective of the Majority of the 1944 Supreme Court, the issues involved in the Korematsu case were based purely on their own and the governments motives. The Supreme Court Majority completely lacked consideration for the value of the Japanese person perspective in the United States.ReferencesToyosaburo Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944). Available at laws.findlaw.com/us/323/214.html

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Marketing ethics

To begin this paper I would first give a definition of what Marketing chastes is. From what I have ga in that respectd Marketing ethical motive is the plain of applied ethics which mess halls with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of merchandising. (www.wikipedia.org). It is common knowledge that the atomic number 18a of ethics is rather wide. People all(prenominal)times confuse ethics with that of morality. Thus, a distinction may be called upon in order to understand things better. Ethics is vaster than that of morality.Ethics is the es phrase of values and customs of a group of people. Ethics is divided into three parts, meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Of the three, marketing ethics is under applied ethics. Now, when mavin talks about morality a clear distinction essential be made between ethics and morality. By morality, one factor only when a concept under ethics which dwells with matters of right and wrong.Having made the dis tinction let us now go on to what is meant by applied ethics from whence marketing ethics is a part. Applied ethics is something which aims to apply theoretical ethics such as utilitarianism, Kantianism among many others to real world dilemmas. (www.wikipedia.org). such is one of the purposes of this paper. Upon closely examining the way subway operates we will hence go on to look and to evaluate from two different ethical perspectives whether subway system is doing something wrong or non.In this paper I choose two contrasting ethical examples that of Utilitarianism and Kantianism, to examine the way Subway operate consort to these two ethical standards. I will now move on to introducing the side of the two ethical issues.The philosopher Immanuel Kant developed Kantianism. His ethics is called deontological because it revolves primarily around duty. All spellions should be done according to duty because it is what we ought to do. For Kant, all humans are rational universe and thus humans ought to know what is good and what is bad which buns be seen on his composition of categorical imperative. This is what I meant earlier by doing something because you ought to do it.It is categorical imperative because you have no other choice but to do it, thus the border ought. Kant pays little respect for things done out of emotion or feelings, thus for him, saving a drowning child out of pity is not a moral thing to do. The only moral thing for him are things done out of duty. According to Kant the consequence of an action holds no bearing in making it a moral act. For him humans are different from other animals because of our faculty of reason. Thus, we must tr sweep away each and e realone with respect simply on the grounds that s/he is human and thus one does not deserve and should not be treated simply as a means towards an end.The second ethical framework I chose is utilitarianism. In utilitarianism the moral worth of an action is determined by the util ity it has to offer. It is the exact opposite of Kantianism in that for a utilitarian sacrificing a somebody to achieve a better end is not bad. If an action would produce the betterment of the many then it is okay for them to sacrifice a few if such is the only way to save more people. For example, if the world is taken over by aliens and the only way to save it is to offer the hearts of twenty precise young children as a sacrifice and to appease the intruders so that they would leave us alone, then the action the world must take, for a utilitarian, is to do the go as soon as possible.There is no room for pity or the like if such would be the only means there is to save the world. The rights of the twenty chosen children to live would be overridden by the lives of the remaining population of the world. Such is the way a utilitarian point of view operates. Also, for a utilitarian the preposterous ability of humans is their ability to feel pleasure and pain. So, for a utilitaria n the moral thing to do is one that would produce the higher amount of pleasure. The utilitarians cerebrate that the end justifies the means. Seeing the philosophy utilitarians live by one must clearly see that it is the exact anti-thesis of Kantianism.Before analyzing the marketing dodge of Subway one must first have a background of what Subway is. Subway is a multinational eating house franchise. The foods they offer are mainly that of salads and sandwiches. Subway, a wellness restaurant which is really concern over diet and nutrition, is founded in 1965 by Fred de Luca and Peter Buck. Subway is very famous and very prospered worldwide even though the foods they offer are rather expensive. Their success may be attributed to the fact that they know or they try to know the mentality of their customers. The restaurant is very health conscious which a very common trend is nowadays, with everyone trying their best in order not to be overweight.Having discussed the two ethical frame whole works I would afterwards use on this paper, I would now move on to the evaluation of the marketing strategy of Subway. To begin, I would first give a lay-out of how subway does their marketing. I have read one article of how subway did some of its marketing. On this particular article Subway chose a rather unique form of advertisement which shocked and enraged Americans. They managed to enrage the Americans by promoting the film Super Size Me and by using as an advertisement the fat statue of Liberty holding some burgers and fries with a bold headline saying WHY ARE AMERICANS SO FAT? Of course the Americans are known to be people who testify great value on their prides thus the advertisement cause them to get mad. There are Americans who believes that the advertisement is immoral.Looking at an unbiased point of view I count that what Subway did is of course insensitive and a little off the mark. However, companies would do everything in their power in order to attract mor e customers. For that, I would say that Subway indeed succeeding in doing their marketing strategy by catching the eye of the public. In this regard, I would say that Subway did their marketing on a utilitarian basis. What made me think so would be discussed later on this paper.Analyzing what Subway did in the point of view of a believer of the Kantian theory, a Kantian would say that what subway did is not standable because they treated the Americans as a means to achieve their end which for a Kantian is a crime. For a Kantian, Subway kick downstairsed to treat the Americans with the respect due to them as individuals. No matter how great the end result would have been for Subway, fact remains that they used others to obtain their end and it is not acceptable. In a Kantian point of view Subway did something wrong.On a utilitarian point of view however, they would say that if the act Subway did promote greater utility for the most number of people, then Subway could not have did s omething immoral. Since what they did produced good result then their act is morally acceptable and thus should not be condemned.Subway wishes to attract kids and tweens for their customers. They are promoting rosy food because they are promoting something about anti-obesity. According to Michelle Cordial, children dont want to eat estimable foods although they are talking about healthy food in school. Teenagers, which make up a large number of their customers, are very much concern with the way they look and they are very much disturbed and conscious with their physical step upance and so I think that Subway chose to promote healthy but delicious food in order to appease and to please teenagers.As for the kids of younger age, I think that their advertisement and their promotion of healthy food are in order to please the parents. As a parent they would want their children to eat healthy foods and which restaurant offers healthy foods if not Subway? I think that something to that effect must be going on, on the minds of those responsible for the finiss being made in the management of Subway. I mentioned earlier that the pit market of Subway is teenagers and children.How do they aim to do that? Subway did that by thinking of catchy promos which their clients cannot resist. Such promos includes getting key chains and lanyards on their Kids Pak meal and value meals and giving a promo from where one may win a chance to have a trip for six to Vans Triple Crown of surfriding competitions which would be held on Hawaii from November-December. It is normal for businessmen to improve the market of their ingatherings by thinking of promos which their clients cannot resist. Of course, Subway affirms to be different from McDonald, KFC and the like.I think they made that claim because it is common knowledge that foods from such restaurants or fast food chains are high in cholesterol and thus expose their clients into the state of being fat. Claiming to be the same as the fast food chains I mentioned above would contradict the earlier claim made by Subway that they promotes healthy food now, wouldnt it? I have mentioned earlier that such marketing strategy is very useful because it greatly appeals to their target clients.Of course, Subway is very successful because they are living up to their standards and because they are capable of thinking of gimmicks which would work and which would appeal greatly to their customers. In this line, I think that the strategy used by Subway is great because it helps attain what they set out to attain. I dont think that Subway made an unwise choice by first step a branch in Iraq. Of course, before embarking upon a certain project a businessman must first check the location, the population and the like in order to see if their products would be accepted in a certain location or not and thus I think that their decision to sluttish a branch there is made on rational grounds and thus not foolish.As I have mentio ned earlier, Subway is doing very great strategy in that they always try to know their customers. Thus, needless to say their menu varies from one country to another. If they open a branch in a Islamic country, they would omit pork and ham from their menu. Because of this great sensitivity for their customers, I would not have any doubts whatsoever over their success on Iraq. Subways decision to do Giant Subs, dependent on the customers likes and dislikes says their sensitivity and the way they value their customers and because of this it is no wonder that Subway is very successful.However, as most businesses are, Subway does have its critics. Eric Schlosser is at odds with the way Subway does their franchising, criticizing the way Subway competes with its competitors. Schlosser does not agree with the way Subway selected its position in order to better compete with their competitors. Ive too read something about Subway fooling their customers.In the article it is said that Subwa y is being criticized by nutritionists despite the fact that Subways front is that they are a health restaurant. The criticisms can be clearly seen in this line, Subway sells trick food and hides the fact that many of its food items contain high levels of calories, fooling customers by the less than 6 grams of fat signs commonly shown in ads or in stores worldwide. (www.wikipedia.org).I would not condemn Subway for the way they operates because such things are common in businesses. Somehow, businessmen cant help but make a fool of their clients by giving and showing them what they want to see. It is part of business to appear to be something they are not and I dont think, not even for a minute, that Subway alone does such tricks.Also, the way Subway competes did not bother me for a minute because I believe that that is what business is all about competition. Upon analyzing Subway, I came into the conclusion that Subway lives by the maxim the end justifies the means and thus my beli ef that they are utilitarians. The cunning Subway showed in fooling their customers made me reflect about a certain philosopher I know named Niccolo Machiavelli. sure enough the idea to pretend to be something youre not if it would keep you in your position originated from Machiavelli himself. Now, these things made me think that not only politicians alone read Machiavellis The Prince. It is very evident that businessmen got some advice from the great Machiavelli.I have made the claim that Subway is more of a utilitarian than a Kantian because of the reasons I have mentioned earlier in this paper. A Kantian would not, even for a second, put profits or benefits over the rights of an individual. Thus, I think Subway is very much a Utilitarian because it is evident in their action that they gives utmost importance to the consequences of their actions. If fooling a customer would yield better profit for them then they would not feel the slightest twinge of remorse upon fooling their cu stomers.Also if people or rather their customers feels safer by eating in Subway even though their show that their products are health foods are nothing but a mere faade then they should still go through it for the reason that it causes or it promotes more pleasure than pain or happiness than suffering. Since, their customers would not want to eat risky foods which would make them fat and would cause them great displeasure then the decision of Subway to fool their customers is not bad, at least for a utilitarian.Having made this paper, I therefore conclude that Subway lives more on a decree of ethics which values the consequences of an action. The said ethics is called Utilitarianism. Thus, upon conclusion, Subway lives in the maxim the end justifies the means.Referencehttp//www.echeat.com/http//www.chiefmarketer.com/division/consumer-marketing/http//www.subway.com/en-ushttps//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_PageMarketing EthicsMarketing Activities Groupon Hong Kong Groupon is a deal a day websites, it provides a newly developed business model that offer group coupon per day. The companies provide the coupon of dishs and products with discount and it works as assurance contract. That means only if the number of people who sign up for the group coupon meet the minimum, the deal will become available. However, there are sharply increasing number of the complaints against the products of the group purchase websites in Hong Kong .Groupon Hong Kong as the biggest group buying company, still being criticized as companies without ethical marketing in Hong Kong. This essay has facilitated the discovery of the ethics of Cadburys marketing activities. The discussion is mainly focused on marketing ethical of the products of the Groupon Hong Kong. The products will be examine based two ethical values which are responsibility and transparency with according to American Marketing Association (AMA). http//hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? ss_id=20110701& sec_id=4104&art_id=15391305 Responsibility Groupon Hong Kong failed to accept the consequence of their marketing decision and strategies. On early September Groupon Hong Kong offers group coupon that customers only need to pay 148 for buying Mint Design place which priced $400 in the market. However, it fails to provide products to customers within the committed date as the product was shock out. Although there are many customers claimed to refund, the Groupon did not give any properly responds to customers.Instead of refund to customer Groupon offer another model shoes to customers and titled upgraded service without any reason and the agreement of the customers. (Apple Daily Newspaper 2011) The Groupon fail to provide products as they did not set the limit for the coupon appropriated with the inventory of the Mint Design and refuse to deal with the customers complaints. Instead of serve the customers to refund the Groupon obligate the customer to accept another upgraded product. According to AMA, it is unethical for Groupon simple ignore the customers claim and force them to accept another product.Transparency http//hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? iss_id=20110924&sec_id=4104&subsec_id=11867&art_id=15643242 Groupon Hong Kong also failed to create a spirit of openness in marketing operations. Customers MS Ng claims it is different to make appointment for enjoy the service which purchased through Groupon Hong Kong. However, she can easily make the appointment for the service in the same shop as a normal customer who paid for origin price. The Kinki Nail professional said that they set limited quota daily for the Groupon Hong Kongs customers.However, the Groupon did not disclose this to customers (Apple Daily Newspaper 2011). According to the AMA, companies have to explain and disclose the risk of the product or service which can determine customers to make the purchase decision. However, Groupon transparent insufficient information ab out the risk of failure for making booking for the service as the quota set by the suppliers. It is unethical in terms of transparency for group disclose insufficient information. http//hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? ss_id=20110924&sec_id=4104&subsec_id=11867&art_id=15643242 From above information, it shows that marketing activities are ethical in term of responsibility and transparency. There are increased From my point of view, the Groupon as a leading company in group buying websites should be more responsible for customer needs. Also, Groupon as an intermediate between suppliers and customers, it is necessary for further communication with suppliers. This can help Groupon to provide accurate and world-wide information of the products and services to customers.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Books Vs Technology Essay

The battle between books and the digital age result technology diminish the substance of a printed book? Although galore(postnominal) books can be lay out on a Kindle, I-pad, or computer, the printed book is traditional and one simply cant stray from tradition. Its easy to get lost in a valet de chambre where advancements argon flourishing everywhere, but a world without books, is a world without knowledge. Printed books are still vital in a rapidly evolving technology dependent world. Books have been around for seven centuries. They are portable, accessible collections of knowledge and shrewdness into human-thinking (Donatich 1).Remember when you were achild, and would be so happy when you open a hard cover of your favorite book? Also, theres nothing more than(prenominal) sentimental than seeing a parent and child construe a book together. Paper books are meticulously put together and take many months just to complete one copy. Its a persons thoughts, ideas, facts, and mem ories all put together for anyone to enjoy. Although most everything can be found on the Internet, even thinking about getting rid of the paper book would be preposterous.A bookless world in which people learn to meditate and research by virtue of snippets and tags and annotations and wiki-research will bea world of people who not only wont be able to read books but wont be able to write them. And the record of human experience, several thousand years evolved, will be irrevocably changed (Donatich 7). Books are slowly diminishing, and technology is flourishing. Instead of flipping through a book to find information, most people type it into Google. If technology ends up taking over, knowledge will surely decrease. A book will have one meaning for something, while if you search online, tons of information will be displayed.If everything becomes easily found by a click of a button, it takes away the significance ofsearching through a book and expanding ones knowledge. By reading a bo ok, you collect more information because you wont have to search for it again. If it werent for copy and paste and search engines, would you really know that information? Chances are no.In a rapid, technology-advancing world, the importance of printed books is still vital in todays society. Technology shouldnt diminish the printed book, only help enhance its significance. Works Cited Donatich, John. Books bland Matter in a Digital Age Journal of Scholarly Publishing. Vol. 40, No. 4. Pg. 329-342. University of Toronto Press, July 2009. 21 Aug 2014.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

The Business Process Outsourcing Industry

The current study aims to leave to the dearth of literature on the motivational factors that play the motivation of Indian business process outsourcing professionals who be deployed to the UK. The study further acknowledges the need to squall the peculiar motivational needs of different professions operating amongst manifest industries. Beca habituate the business process outsourcing industry is a sunshine industry that affords much promise of progress, key players indoors this realm must be able to address all the concerns of consultants which they deploy offshore to ensure greater probability of success of offshore projects.The results of a survey with 60 BPO professionals in the UK suggest that the highest ratings for motivational factors ar clarity of instructions with tasks presence of clearly-defined and performance-based indicators and presence of clear, well-defined cultures. Notably, all factors are under the rule enforcement cluster of Katz & Kahns model of motiva tion. The respondents also expressed that the last(a) motivational factors are competitive pay having loyalty as a basis for rewards and having seniority as a criterion for reward.All these items belong to the cluster of external rewards. Logically, the highest rated motivation cluster is rule enforcement, while the lowest rated is external rewards. Based on the stepwise regression results, the positive, significant predictors of overall motivation include skills development, having real job expectations, lessened absenteeism as a result of motivation, seniority as a criterion for reward, and requiring less instruction or independence.All factors are positively match with overall motivation, except for having realistic job expectations, which has a negative correlation with the dependent variable. This means that as job expectations become to a greater extent realistic, there is a tendency for overall motivation to decrease correspondingly. Motivational Factors of Indian Offshor e Consultants in the UK An Empirical Study Introduction Numerous empirical researches perplex focussed on the study of motivation and job ecstasy of employees in western contexts, but few have focused on Indian BPO employees.Parikh & Ghosh (2006) have show that reward perceptions of socialistic culture employees are strongly determined by the nature of their cultural heritage and that they put together greater premium on the estimable of the many rather than on their personal interests. The effects of culture are further discussed by Thomas & Philip (1994) in his study of management in India, investigated the pertinence of Western motivational theories in the context of India. These researches, among others, point out to the diverse array of factors that influence reward perceptions, and ultimately affect employee productivity.The current study aims to contribute to the dearth of literature on the motivational factors that influence the motivation of Indian business process ou tsourcing professionals who are deployed to the UK. The study further acknowledges the need to address the peculiar motivational needs of different professions operating amongst distinct industries. Because the business process outsourcing industry is a sunshine industry that holds much promise of progress, key players within this realm must be able to address all the concerns of consultants which they deploy offshore to ensure greater probability of success of offshore projects.Justification of the Study grow and cognition exert a strong impact on the psychological work expectations and ensuing attitudes of employees. There are various variables that influence the job satisfaction of employees and these have been empirically investigated across countries (Earley, 1993). Despite the voluminous literature on job satisfaction, there is a dearth of studies that focus on the reward organisations accorded to employees from collectivist cultures such as India (Graf et al, 1990), much m ore in the more specific context of BPO industry, investigating the applicability of Western reward systems in their context.Past empirical studies have focused on a comparison between Western and Eastern employees reward perceptions (Dubinsky, 1994). These studies have found that such perceptions are significantly affected by their respective cultures, and the norms that come with it. Values, in turn, will affect the appeal that certain rewards have on the members of the sales force. It is little for organisations to be aware of the most steal rewards strategies because this have a direct effect on the sales persons performance and productivity (Dubinsky, 1994).There has been no study to date that has focused specifically on the perception of rewards of BPO offshore consultants deployed to the United Kingdom. This study will permit timely and appropriate considerations in drafting the most optimal reward system for this group. This is the rationale for carrying out the current st udy. Review of Related Literature Revisiting the Process Theories of Motivation Process theories present viable explanations for the factors that have an impact on a persons motivation, particularly on why he selects one course of action over another.These are categorized into cognitive and non-cognitive groups. Cognitive theories posit that behaviour engages mental processes while non-cognitive theories propose that these are caused more by situational factors. The primary cognitive theories include equity, goal context, and expectancy theories which all emphasize the perceptions of results that are an effect of a specific course of action (Adams, 1965). The first cognitive theory, equity theory suggests that motivation is a type of exchange in which persons use internal equilibrium in choosing a course of behaviour.It projects that employees will select the option which they evaluate as most fair. The parts of the theory include inputs, outcomes, comparisons, and results. By def inition are the traits that a person brings to the situations and the tasks that are necessary. On the other hand, outcomes are what the person benefits from the situation. The third component, comparisons is what transpires when the person weighs their inputs to some benchmark standard.Results or outcomes consist of the attitudes and behaviours that stem from their comparison, with the latter being perceived as equitable for equilibrium within the individual to exist (Adams, 1965). The next type of cognitive theory, goal setting theory, presents that individuals target goals and those enterprises may exert impact on their course of action by influencing these targets. The primary parts of such theory include intentions, performance standards, goal acceptance, and the effort expended. The aggregate effect of these components determine motivation.The engagement of an individual in goal setting is expected to enhance his sense of engagement and dedication to the company. host settin g is perceived to be less effective than individual goal setting because it lessens accountability for goal accomplishment. The objective or the goal is the most critical component of this theory and such are deemed more effective when set with reasonable difficulty. While engagement in the setting of objectives enhances the likelihood of satisfaction, it does not necessarily result in more optimal performance (Mitchell, 1979).The third cognitive theory is expectancy theory, which asserts that individuals select the course of action which they perceive will give way the most optimal benefit. It further says that employees will seek different courses of action and finally select the alternative which will cause them to reap a desire outcome or reward. The theory has lent itself substantially to empirical testing and it has good predictive validity in making predictions about choice of jobs, satisfaction with work, and to a lesser degree the effort that the person will exert at wor k.In addition, the theory indicates that the individuals expectations of being rewarded is as critical as his perception of the relationship between his actions and the rewards which he anticipates from the enterprise. Another implication of the theory is the uniqueness of individuals in the way rewards appeal to them as such, companies must be responsible in being able to offer rewards which are deemed appealing by their employees (Mitchell, 1980). In connection with this, Hartog et al (1999) asserts that the perceptions of the social environment is influenced by the culture of the beholder.In effect, the paragon traits of leaders vary across cultures. Hunt, Boal and Sorenson (1990) propose that societal culture has an important impact on the development of superordinate category prototypes and implicit leadership theories. They hold that values and ideologies act as a determinant of culture specific superordinate prototypes, dependent on their strength. There is premium attached to a more profound comprehension of the manner in which leadership is manifested across different cultures.Thus, there is also a need for empirical research in this subject field to be able to understand the distinctions of leadership behaviour and its efficacy across cultures (House, 1995). Hartog et al (1999) asserts that there are various cultural profiles that have been culled from Hofstedes poser of cultures and which have garnered various testable hypotheses on cross-cultural leadership. These encompass the dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, power distance, masculinity-femininity, individualism-collectivism, and future orientation.There are cultures which are distinguished by strong uncertainty avoidance, and which put high importance on leaders compliance to protocol, rules, and customs. This is not too applicable for low uncertainty avoidance cultures (Hartog et al. , 1999). In low uncertainty avoidance cultures, innovation is encouraged. Moreover, paternalistic culture s espouse leaders who are authoritative, as compared to maternal cultures. The latter prefer leaders who are engaging and sensitive as unconnected to directive (Hartog et al. , 1999). In the study conducted by Gerstner and Day (1994), they have investigated the differences in leadership prototypes.In particular, the respondents were asked to rate 59 leadership traits. There were 35 American students and between 10-22 offshore students from seven nations the results suggest that the strength of leader trait associations were distinct across cultures and native country. Considering the constraints of limited sample size, having to enlist students as respondents, and selecting offshore students who were because studying in the United States as representatives of other cultures, and having an unvalidated trait rating tool, there have been reliable distinctions found in their perceptions of leadership traits (Hartog et al, 1999).

Monday, May 20, 2019

Recruitment and Selection Strategies †Landslide Limousines Essay

Hello again, Mr. Stonefield. Traci G overagedman has requested I give you close to final root onations for recruitment and alternative strategies for landslip Limousines. The following recommendations get place be based on the organisational goals for your attach to, forecasting demographic changes, projecting workforce needs, mixed bag objectives, stigmatisation for landslide Limousines, recruiting and screening manners, and manners for selecting fag enddidates for open mental attitudes. We will cover each subject matter so you atomic number 18 awargon of the proper assessment of juvenile employees and how to successfully realise a team of employees that will lead Landslide Limousines to a successful in store(predicate) in providing a great service to its clients.Organizational GoalsAs the owner of Landslide Limousines, the organizational goals you down developed for the companionship, reflect your individual goals for success. The first year of operation, it is y our goal to deliver a -5% growth and -$50,000 profit. institution will help you introduce new ideas to the company that will help your avocation grow in intersection pointivity. This will help you reach your goal of 5% revenue growth in the following dickens years. As a limousine company, we recommend you focus on your physical and financial resources. Keep in mind you will need to chief(prenominal)tain only of your limousines to keep them in good working narrow down for your clients. You will also need to maintain all registration and insurance policies for the equipment. The maintenance of the vehicles must be followed for the long term. This will ensure increased cash flows. We also recommend performance and development prep for managers as it is a bring out to organizational success. In appendix, the close to important asset for Landslide Limousines is the employees. We recommend all employees are moved in having performance goals. We alsosuggest Landslide Limousine s sells gaining legitimacy in the public eye by taking on some social responsibility. Landslide Limousines, later, may consider local community volunteer efforts (reyerson, n.d).Forecasting Demographic ChangesPopulations grow because of fertility, mortality and migration that are influenced by extraneous factors. Projection models of population are used as evidence on births, deaths and migrant flows to give estimates of the formation of hereafter populations based combined impact of natural change and migration. Demographic forecasting is important because changes are a key issue for the future. The change in size of populations is a matter of continue for businesses and auberge in general because of the number of people to hire for a given position. Using modelling methods to pass judgment population outcomes, which result from demographic trends and policy initiatives, should reinforce all national, regional and local decision-making ideas. Demographic ageing is described a s the low levels of fertility, and continuous improvements in life expectancy that are a concern for ageing residents at a unique rate. 2010 try outed a climax as the first of the baby boomers natural between 1945 and 1970 turned 65. The next 21 years, will show more(prenominal) people move into old age while the effects for health care, wealth sharing, pension provision, housing, transport and employment will make out increasingly critical (Edge Analytics, 2014).Analysis of Projected WorkforceThe abbreviation of workforce data is a key element in the planning cover of your workforce. The workforce analysis wads information into consideration such as skills, occupations, bring, eligibility, diversity, education, and turnover rates. We recommend Landslide Limousines consider the following four steps to workforce analysis point planning.Supply analysis is the first step of the projected workforce analysis process. It focusses on a companys existing and future workforce supply . This step analysis the question What is the existing profile of the afoot(predicate) workforce, and what does it need to be in the future to accomplish the agencys goals and objectives? (Keel, CPA, 2006). We recommend Landslide Limousines involve creating workforce profiles, review the trend data andproject future workforce supply. Also, create a future workforce profile that will help project the future supply of the workforce.Demand analysis is the sec step of the workforce analysis process. It will identify the future workforce necessitate to carry out the Landslide Limousine mission. The focus is for the company has to perform for the employees that need to carry out the job tasks assigned. almost of the information needed for this step can be obtained from step one of the process.Next step is the geological fault analysis, which involves comparing the workforce supply projection for the second step and answering the following questionsGap analysis involves comparing the workforceWhat new skills with the company need to accomplish goals and objectives? Does the company currently have employees with the needed skills? What functions or skills for the jobs are no longer needed?Landslide Limousines can establish workforce strategies from the results of the answers.The weather step in workforce analysis involves the development of strategies that will cover the future gaps and surpluses. Strategies will accommodate programs, policies, and practices that will assist in recruiting, developing, and retaining the needed staff and achieve the mission and strategic goals in addition to dealing with the workers that may no longer be needed (Keel, CPA, 2006). Workforce Diversity ObjectivesThe key to successfully building a diverse, high quality workforce begins with strong leadership, and knowledge of the state of Landslide Limousines. Additionally, induce has established that successful diversity initiatives depend on first positioning the business with th ree main steps in diversity objectives. We recommend Landslide Limousines ensure a strong commitment to a diversity program, as it is essential for the company. This commitment is the foundation to success in building and maintaining a diverse workforce. Landslide Limousines will need to take action and guarantee the staff is available for the program. As recommend, LandslideLimousines must create an environment of inclusion and value, clearly assign resources to diverse activities, managers must be like a shot involved in planning, and consider training employee in intercultural communications to address differences in communication crossways cultures.It is important for Landslide Limousines to have a realistic picture of moving forward in the diversity process, this will include the basis of current demographics and the cultural atmosphere that exists in Austin, Texas. You will need a clear understanding of the demographic situation, and this is accomplished by developing a work force profile as explained earlier. Annual workforce reports are a good source of data concerning the current workforce. This will create a clear picture of the current diversity lieu. Finally, the above information will need corporate into an existing workforce-planning model. This can be used to target future opportunities for recruitment, hiring, and retention of skilled employees.Organizational stigmatisationBranding is the outward expression projected by the business. The brand for Landslide Limousines will be the product of the corporate dodging, mission, image, and the activities of the business. The brand is distinguished from all competitors, and positions the company in the minds of the clients and employees by creating a perception of what Landslide Limousines stands for as a business. Landslide Limousines will benefit from developing a brand with a strategy that will reflect throughout all of the communications from the company. There should be detailed discussions as to what the stigmatisation should entail, and should consist of working within a company to determine an image that will reflect the shape look of Landslide Limousines. The design of the organizations branding should reflect on all business cards, brochures, publications, and websites. It also should be included in all business communications that come from the business. A branding strategy will create a guide for Landslide Limousines that is followed to achieve an organized look for the company (Matrrix AMC, n.d.).Methods for Recruiting CandidatesLandslide Limousines is committed to finding the castigate employees for the positions available. There have been increased popularity in finding the right employees by using social recruiting, and employee screening andbackground look ons. We recommend you study the following pros and cons of each method, so you are able to accept the best method for your company. Social recruiting is becoming the primary focus of most recruiter and staffing firms. The strategies promote transparencies and two-way communication with you and the potential employees. Some pros of this method are It will help position your brand by targeting workers more vigorously that a basic job board posting It increases the retort rate from candidatesAllows research on publically posted information of the candidates.Some cons of this method areThis method can tarnish the reputation of Landslide Limousines It is only good if the company puts effort into the researchIs more susceptible than traditional techniques to favoring or excluding candidates based on characteristics such as race or religion.The last-place method may be more beneficial for Landslide Limousines. Background checks for potential candidates will show criminal history and work records that include past and present employment, performance, attendance, and reasons they left their past jobs. Background checks can also include drug or alcohol raiseing, fingerprint investigations , and credit scores. Some pros of this method areIt helps identify problematic behaviorsIt helps reduce employee turnover ratesIt reduces employee theft costsIt protects employers against contrariety lawsuitsSome cons of this method areMay give candidates the impression that Landslide Limousines is controllingMay be taken as an invasion of privacyCan be expensive concerning time and moneyMust be conducted responsibly or fines are incurred for mishandling personal data (Fox, 2014).Methods for Screening CandidatesEmployee screening begins as soon as you ingest an application from a perspective employee. The screening process for call into questions has four steps to the screening process. The first process is phone screening. We recommendLandslide Limousines create a list of open-ended questions for the specific position. A word form of competencies and experience should be mentioned to determine whether the applicant is a potential fit. Next, the in person interview. You will hav e the opportunity to be more in-depth with the questioning. An in person interview should last at least 45 minutes and should include the hiring manager from your company and one other person. A follow up interview is important for candidates that seem the most interested in working for Landslide Limousines. Finally, review the background check for the candidate. Background checks and references can provide insight on the best way to manage the perspective employee (The noncommercial Times, 2013).Tips to help pre-employment testing will deliver a desired outcome for Landslide Limousines, which is also legitimately defensible. You must make sure you choose the right test and certify validity and reliability, ensure the test meets all EEO (Equal Employment Opportunity) laws, conduct through research if buying a test from an outside company, annul test questions that are too personal or that can be considered offensive, and do not pass on specifically on the test results (Quast, 20 11).Considerations for the process of employee hiring are very important. When choosing your newest employee, Landslide Limousines should avoid illegal discrimination to protect all applicants. You should respect the applicants privacy rights, avoid making promises you can not keep, follow all legal rules for hiring immigrants, and follow legal rules for hiring workers younger than 18 years of age due to child ram laws.Methods for Selecting CandidatesWe suggest Landslide Limousines schedule interviews when you are sure to have uninterrupted time to review the recover and conduct an insightful interview. While conducting the interview, do not focus on the credentials or experience of the candidate. Focus on the hypothetical scenarios that the candidate explains when asked how they would solve presented problems. The interviewer at Landslide Limousines should listen to the answers without interruption and take notes on key points.Once the interview in completed, use the interview no tes and compare each interviewee with the fasten on and look closely to find if there is information that has been missed while reading the resume during the initial process. The candidate selection process should be based on how he or she competently answered the questions asks and what questions they asked during the interview. approximately likely, the interviewees that do not ask questions are either too shy, or are uninterested in you company (Richason IV, 2014).ConclusionThere are some(prenominal) methods and ideas to consider when developing a recruitment and selection strategy for your company. Not only is the interview process an important step in the process only when also, Landslide Limousines must consider organizational branding and the diversity objectives for the business. As described, there are several methods to consider as well. I trust you will find the information provided to help you in your hiring process. here at Atwood and Allen Consulting, we want Land slide Limousines to be as successful as possible with all of the processes you choose in opening your new business. Good luck to you Mr. Stonefield, please contact us if you require our serve in the future.ReferencesEdge Analytics. (2014). Demographic Forecasting. Retrieved from http//www.edgeanalytics.co.uk/forecasting.php Fox, S. (2014). Recruiting Trends 4 Methods for Finding the Right Talent. Retrieved from http//www.witi.com/wire/articles/218/Recruiting-Trends-4-Methods-for-Finding-the-Right-Talent/ Keel, CPA, J. (2006, February). Workforce Planning Guide. Retrieved from http//www.hr.sao.state.tx.us/workforce/06-704.pdf Matrrix AMC. (n.d.). Organizational Branding. Retrieved from http//www.matrixamc.com/content/services/org/org1.shtml Moulesong, B. (2011, June). Building a diverse workforce starts with an objective, accurate analysis of the status quo. Retrieved from http//www.nwitimes.com/business/jobs-and-employment/building-a-diverse-workforce-starts-with-an-objective-accur ate-analysis/article_40dde3cd-dcdc-59df-bef0-bc90ae515e51.html Parekh, N. (2009, August). Top 5 Considerations When Hiring Employees. Retrieved fromhttp//blogs.findlaw.com/free_enterprise/2009/08/top-5-considerations-when-hiring-employees.html Quast, L. (2011, September). Pre-Employment Testing A Helpful Way For Companies To Screen Applicants. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/lisaquast/2011/09/13/pre-employment-testing-a-helpful-way-for-companies-to-screen-applicants/ Richason IV, O. E. (2014). Methods of enlisting & Selection. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/methods-recruitment-selection-2532.html The NonProfit Times. (2013, June). 5 Ways To Screen Job Candidates. Retrieved from http//www.thenonprofittimes.com/jobs/5-ways-to-screen-job-candidates/ reyerson. (n.d). Organizational Goals. Retrieved from http//www.ryerson.ca/meinhard/841notes/goals.html